Maharashtra is the second largest state in population and geographical
area. It is contributing 14.3% Gross
state domestic Product (GSDP) of total India GSDP. Of the population of 11.23
crore(2011 census), 59% contributes to the work age group (18-45years). Of this only 45% is labour
force. Agriculture being the main occupation of the people 45% population
belongs to urban area and contributing to make 87% share in GSDP and only
13% comes from Agriculture and its allied activities.
Time and again many schemes were run by the center and state
government to create the employment and infrastructure available for education,
training and Job availability. The main focus for employment generation revolve around 11 promising
sectors in coming decade (2012-2022)
1)
Real estate
2)
Organised Retail
3)
Banking and financial institution
4)
IT & ITES
5)
Media Entertainment
6)
Agriculture and allied
7)
Transport and logistics
8)
Tourism
9)
Education skill development
10)
Manufacturing
11)
Food processing
This promising sector need skilled or semi skilled work
force, now the irony is of the total workforce we have 37% are minimal skilled,
40% semi skilled and 23% skilled. The growth in the employment in next decade
will be around 1.6 crore job availability where as we have only supply of
skilled person 1.06 crore which are locals the gap of around 0.5crore need to
be fulfilled. This can be done eighter by converting the minimal skilled to
semi skilled and upgrading the semi skilled to skilled, but this will take long
time. The option rather the phenomena is the non local skilled person. In Maharashtra
max skilled people come from UP and Bihar. If we add these migrants we can fulfill the
skilled labour gap
Demand-supply
gap in Maharashtra, 2012 to 2022 (accounting for local labour force and
migrants)
Youth aspirations
As a part of the study, youth group discussions across the
State to understand the youth aspirations and to capture whether they are in
line with the high growth sectors in the State. The survey showed that sectors
such as IT / ITES and organized retail are the high demand sectors both in
terms of employment generation potential as well as youth aspirations. However,
for sectors such as building and construction, where job growth potential is
high, youth have very low aspirations to work in. Presently also, very few
locals want to work in this industry. Most of the construction workers are
brought from other States such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar etc.
Some of the other preferred sectors by youth are ‘food
processing’ and ‘auto and auto components’. However, the employment generation
potential of these sectors is relatively low.
Turning the wheel
It’s not always the government and schemes responsibility to
resolve the problem at hand. Center or state govt alone can’t change the situation.
Many short term objectives need to be set in order to achieve the goal of
skilled workforce. The short term objectives can be.
1)
Strengthen primary and higher education
2)
Practical course content
3)
Industry and Institution tie up for skill
development
4)
Govt and Industry tie up for job opportunities
5)
On job training
Although the way ahead is very long and cumbersome, mear suggestion
won’t help unless we get doing or taking action. MH being faced by problems
such as Water shortage, Naxalism have tremendous scope to be No 1 state in
terms of education, skill development and job creations. Let’s make it possible
by take some action.
